春季疾病早预防
健康快乐身体棒
下面是春季幼儿易感的传染病,让我们来看一看这些疾病的特点,了解一下如何预防吧!
Earlypreventionofdiseasesinspring
Health,happinessandgoodhealth
Herearetheinfectiousdiseasesthatchildrenaresusceptibletoinspring.Letstakealookatthecharacteristicsofthesediseasesandlearnhowtopreventthem!
诺如病毒感染性腹泻
风险等级:高
疾病特点:诺如病毒感染性腹泻,是诺如病毒引起的非细菌性急性胃肠炎。每年的10月到次年3月是诺如病毒的流行期。潜伏期多在24-48h,最短12h,最长72小时。发病突然,主要症状为恶心、呕吐、发热、腹痛和腹泻,儿童患者呕吐普遍,成人患者腹泻为多。具有发病急、传播速度快等特点,主要经粪-口途径传播,人群普遍易感,常在学校、托幼机构等集体场所引起暴发。由于病毒基因多样且高度变异,每隔数年就会出现新变异株,人一生可多次获得感染。该病通常表现为自限性疾病,愈后良好。
Risklevel:high
Diseasecharacteristics:norovirusinfectiousdiarrhea,iscausedbynorovirusnonbacterialacutegastroenteritis.TheepidemicperiodofnorovirusisfromOctobertoMarcheveryyear.Theincubationperiodwas24-48hours,theshortestwas12hoursandthelongestwas72hours.Themainsymptomswerenausea,vomiting,fever,abdominalpainanddiarrhea.Ithasthecharacteristicsofacuteonsetandrapidtransmission.Itismainlytransmittedbyfecaloralroute.Itisgenerallysusceptibletotheoutbreakinschools,nurseriesandothercollectiveplaces.Becauseofthediversityandhighvariationofvirusgenes,newmutantsappeareveryfewyears,andpeoplecanbeinfectedmanytimesintheirlives.Thediseaseusuallypresentsasaselflimitingdisease,andtheprognosisisgood.
预防措施:诺如病毒目前尚没有疫苗,注意个人卫生、食品卫生和饮水卫生是预防此疾病的关键,用肥皂及流动的水勤洗手;把好病从口入关,不吃生冷食品和未煮熟煮透的食物,学生减少校外就餐,做好日常消毒与通风,提倡多喝开水,注意饮用水安全。
Preventivemeasures:thereisnovaccinefornorovirusatpresent,thekeytopreventthisdiseaseistopayattentiontopersonalhygiene,foodhygieneanddrinkingwaterhygiene,washhandsfrequentlywithsoapandflowingwater;preventgooddiseasesfrommouth,donoteatrawandcoldfoodandundercookedfood,studentsreduceeatingoutofschool,doagoodjobindailydisinfectionandventilation,advocatedrinkingmoreboiledwater,payattentiontodrinkingwatersafety.
流行性感冒
风险等级:中
疾病特点:流行性感冒简称流感,是由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染。潜伏期约为1-3天,急性起病,通常表现为高热、头痛、肌痛、乏力等中毒症状,可伴有咽痛、流涕等呼吸道症状。冬春季节高发,老人、儿童以及体弱多病者是易感人群,主要通过呼吸道传播。
预防措施:养成良好的个人卫生习惯,外出佩戴口罩;勤洗手,使用肥皂水或洗手液并用流动水洗手;打喷嚏或咳嗽时应用手帕或纸巾掩住口鼻,避免飞沫传染给他人;流感高发期间,避免儿童在人群聚集的公共场所长时间滞留,必要时请佩戴口罩;每年接种流感疫苗,老年人、幼童、慢性疾病患者及体弱者等建议接种流感疫苗进行预防;注意家中的日常通风换气;如出现流感样症状,应及时治疗与休息,待症状消失,体温正常后48小时方能返校上课。
Risklevel:medium
Diseasecharacteristics:influenza,referredtoasinfluenza,isanacuterespiratoryinfectioncausedbyinfluenzavirus.Incubationperiodofabout1-3days,acuteonset,usuallymanifestedashighfever,headache,myalgia,fatigueandothertoxicsymptoms,canbeac